The Signing Ceremony for the collaborative implementation of tasks between the VNUHCM Innovation Centre and member universities, held within the framework of the Conference announcing the 2026–2030 Science and Technology strategic direction, establishes the foundation for the next phase of the scientific and technological strategy.

As part of the Conference to “Announce the Strategic Direction for Science, Technology, and Innovation of VNUHCM for the 2026–2030 period” and the Signing Ceremony for task implementation between the VNUHCM Innovation Centre and member universities on 16 May 2026, VNUHCM presented Letters of Appreciation to research groups and scientists who have made outstanding contributions to the system’s scientific, technological, and innovative activities. Notably, numerous collectives and individuals from VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS) were recognised for their exemplary achievements in research, technology transfer, and the development of applied products.

The recognition ceremony not only celebrates prominent scientific achievements but also affirms the vital role of intellectuals and scientists in transforming knowledge into tangible value for the community, industry, and socio-economic advancement. This initiative represents a concrete step in realising the VNUHCM mandate to position science, technology, and innovation as the primary catalysts for growth in this new era.

Among the honoured collectives, a research group comprising Dr Phạm Thanh Tuấn Anh, Associate Professor Trần Cao Vinh, and MSc Hoàng Văn DÅ©ng from HCMUS received a Letter of Appreciation for securing the Third Prize at the 4th Ho Chi Minh City Innovation Awards 2025 in the field of engineering. The project, titled “Solutions for enhancing charge carrier mobility in transparent electrode layers,” is regarded as holding significant potential for applications in advanced materials and electronic technology.

Another interdisciplinary group, featuring scientists from the Institute of Advanced Materials Technology, HCMUS, and the University of Health Sciences—namely Associate Professor Ä�oàn Lê Hoàng Tân, Associate Professor Trần Hoàng PhÆ°Æ¡ng, Dr Nguyá»…n Hồ Thùy Linh, and Professor Phan Bách Thắng—was also commended for the work: “Applying advanced MOF technology in chemical synthesis and greenhouse gas emission reduction.” This project was not only awarded Third Prize at the 4th Ho Chi Minh City Innovation Awards 2025 but also secured a domestic patent for biodegradable porous organic silica nanomaterials and their fabrication processes. Such achievements demonstrate the potential of new material research in fostering sustainable development and environmental protection.

Beyond research collectives, several individual scientists at HCMUS were honoured by VNUHCM for their distinguished contributions to research and innovation.

Professor Trần Lê Bảo Hà was recognised for the project “Application of platelet concentrate technology in endometrial regeneration,” which achieved Second Prize at the 4th Ho Chi Minh City Innovation Awards 2025 in the engineering category. This research is deemed highly significant within the biomedical field, offering novel approaches for clinical treatment and tissue regeneration.

Professor �ặng Thị Phương Thảo was celebrated as the lead author of the project that won the VNUHCM Annual Science and Technology Award 2025 for outstanding technological application. The research focuses on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast expressing antigens of the Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria, aimed at protecting pangasius fish from bacillary necrosis. Furthermore, the Professor is the author of a utility solution regarding the method for recovering active G-CSF protein from atypical inclusion bodies expressed in microorganisms.

Associate Professor Phạm Kim Ngá»�c received recognition as the primary author of “Memristor–diode integrated arrays for next-generation artificial neural network applications,” which earned Third Prize at the 4th Ho Chi Minh City Innovation Awards 2025. Additionally, the Associate Professor was awarded the L’Oréal–UNESCO “For Women in Science” fellowship and holds a domestic patent for resistive memory technology and fabrication methods.

Associate Professor Trần Minh Triết has made a significant impact in the fields of artificial intelligence and data processing with an international patent currently under preparation regarding “Annotation of Slice Images in Volumetric Medical Images.” Moreover, the Associate Professor has authored 94 publications indexed in the Scopus database, reflecting exceptional research capacity and academic contributions to the global scientific community.

The recognition of multiple research groups and scientists from HCMUS further illustrates the increasingly prominent role of the University within the VNUHCM science, technology, and innovation ecosystem. These achievements span diverse fields—including advanced materials, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and biomedicine—and highlight a growing trend toward interdisciplinary research that bridges the gap between fundamental theory and practical application.

Through these acclaimed projects and research outcomes, the academic staff at HCMUS continue to affirm their research prowess, scholarly standing, and pioneering role in innovation. These successes provide a vital foundation for the University to contribute to future scientific and technological strategies, driving digital transformation and the growth of the knowledge economy.

On 12 May 2026, at VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS), doctoral researcher Lê Thị Nga successfully defended a doctoral thesis in Microbiology. The research, titled “The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and characteristics of colistin resistance in enteric bacteria isolated from faecal samples of paediatric patients with diarrhoea in Southern Viet Namâ€�, was supervised by Associate Professor Phan Thị Phượng Trang and Dr Hoàng Hoài PhÆ°Æ¡ng.

Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the pre-eminent challenges to global public health, particularly regarding the clinical management of infections caused by multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Consequently, colistin—a polymyxin antibiotic—serves as a treatment of last resort for numerous severe infections. Nevertheless, the emergence and dissemination of colistin resistance genes within the mcr family pose significant hurdles to therapeutic efficacy.

Driven by these clinical realities, the thesis investigates the status of antibiotic resistance and the specific mechanisms of colistin resistance in enteric bacteria isolated from paediatric patients aged five and under suffering from diarrhoea in Southern Viet Nam. The study involved isolating Enterobacteriaceae strains, performing antibiotic susceptibility testing, determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for colistin, and identifying mcr genes via PCR techniques.

The findings indicate variations in colistin resistance rates across different groups of enteric bacteria, with E. coli and Klebsiella spp. exhibiting the highest prevalence. Furthermore, the research identified mcr-1, mcr-8, and mcr-9 gene variants within the isolates, providing clarity on the transmission dynamics of colistin resistance genes within microbial populations.

In addition, the thesis analysed the molecular genetic characteristics of mcr genes and evaluated the capacity for horizontal gene transfer through conjugation experiments. These results contribute essential data towards the establishment of a molecular surveillance system for colistin resistance genes in Viet Nam, specifically targeting children under five—a demographic characterised by immature immune systems and developing gut microbiota.

During the doctoral candidature, doctoral researcher Lê Thị Nga published three international papers indexed in Scopus and one national scientific paper presented at the National Conference on Biology.

The examiners commended the thesis for timeliness, scientific rigour, and originality. This work provides vital data to inform the ongoing study and monitoring of antibiotic resistance in paediatric enteric bacteria within the Vietnamese context.

 

On 11 May 2026, at VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS), doctoral researcher Lê Thanh Bình successfully defended a doctoral thesis in Microbiology. The research, entitled “Isolation, Selection, and Genetic Characterisation of Microorganism Strains from the Mekong Delta Capable of Antagonising Ralstonia solanacearum causing Bacterial Wilt in Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus)â€�, was conducted under the supervision of Associate Professor Phan Thị Phượng Trang and Dr Võ Ä�ình Quang.

The research focuses on selecting microbial strains capable of antagonising the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. This pathogen causes bacterial wilt in cucumbers, a disease that significantly impacts yields and cultivation efficiency across numerous vegetable-growing regions in the Mekong Delta.

By isolating and screening soil and disease samples collected throughout the Mekong Delta, the study identified several promising microbial strains. Notably, two strains—Bacillus velezensis DB2.1 and Streptomyces noursei DS30.6—demonstrated outstanding antagonistic efficacy within laboratory, greenhouse, and field settings.

Experimental results indicate that the combination of these two microbial strains substantially reduces the incidence of bacterial wilt in cucumber plants while simultaneously enhancing crop productivity. Furthermore, the study performed an analysis of genetic characteristics and functional genes related to the pathogenicity of the bacteria, alongside the antagonistic mechanisms of the selected microbial strains.

According to the findings, the thesis highlights the potential for utilising indigenous microbial strains to develop biological products for sustainable agriculture. Such advancements contribute to reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides in farming practices.

Throughout the doctoral candidacy, doctoral researcher Lê Thanh Bình published six scientific papers, comprising three articles in domestic journals and three international publications indexed in Scopus.

The Examination Committee concluded that the thesis satisfies all requirements for a doctorate in Microbiology, possessing both scientific merit and practical significance for the field of applied microbiology in agriculture.

 

On 13 April 2026, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), in collaboration with VinUniversity, convened the scientific conference “Mathematics Teaching and Learning in the Technological Era” at the VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS).

In the opening address, Professor Nguyá»…n Thị Thanh Mai, Chancellor of VNUHCM, observed that as science and technology advance at an unprecedented pace to become the core engine of the knowledge economy, national competitiveness no longer rests solely upon natural resources or labour. Instead, such prowess depends increasingly upon the capacity for research, innovation, and the mastery of strategic technologies. Consequently, Mathematics serves not only as a foundational discipline but as the “invisible infrastructure” underpinning the entirety of modern technological systems.

However, the Chancellor noted a significant disparity between potential and practice. Whilst VNUHCM boasts numerous gifted students and a cohort of high-calibre mathematicians, the integration of Mathematics into technological fields and practical applications within curricula remains limited. International trends demonstrate that modern mathematical programmes are shifting decisively towards enhancing modelling and computational thinking, increasing interdisciplinarity, and improving the transfer of knowledge to real-world contexts to resolve societal challenges.

Reflecting on these realities, Professor Nguyễn Thị Thanh Mai posed three orienting questions: the purpose of studying Mathematics, the methods by which Mathematics becomes a catalyst for growth across sectors, and the necessary reforms in curricula and pedagogy to anticipate global trends.

Accordingly, the primary challenge lies not in altering individual modules or isolated content, but in “redesigning the mathematical pathway” holistically. This journey, spanning from secondary education to postgraduate levels, must ensure that learners gradually develop core competencies such as mathematical modelling, probability and statistics, optimisation, algorithms, scientific computing, data analysis, and the ability to work across disciplines.

The conference featured contributions from distinguished scholars both locally and abroad, including Professor Vũ Hà Văn (University of Hong Kong, Scientific Director of VinIF), Professor Nguyễn Hoài Minh (Sorbonne University, France), Professor Nguyễn Hùng Minh Tân (National University of Singapore), alongside Professor �ặng �ức Tr�ng, Associate Professor Trần Minh Triết, and Dr Võ �ức Cẩm Hải (HCMUS).

The presentations clarified the expanding role of Mathematics in sectors such as Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and semiconductor technology. The discussions further highlighted a fundamental shift in the nature of Mathematics—evolving from a basic science into the “design language of technology” and the “knowledge infrastructure of innovation”.

Regarding pedagogical methods, Professor Ä�ặng Ä�ức Trá»�ng from the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at HCMUS advocated for a shift in the student’s role from passive recipient to active explorer. Lecturers ought to create learning environments that compel students to think critically, prove theorems independently, and engage with open-ended problems, thereby fostering genuine research capabilities.

In the presentation “Teaching Mathematics in the Technological Eraâ€�, Professor VÅ© Hà Văn emphasised that Mathematics provides the bedrock for numerous scientific and technological branches and remains a pivotal factor in training high-quality human resources. Nevertheless, evidence suggests many curricula remain theory-heavy and slow to update, often forcing students to “re-learn” concepts when entering high-tech industries. “Innovating the way Mathematics is taught and learned is no longer merely an educational concern but has become a matter of national importance,â€� Professor VÅ© Hà Văn remarked.

Sharing this perspective, Professor Nguyễn Hoài Minh from Sorbonne University noted that Artificial Intelligence is profoundly impacting both mathematical research and instruction, offering possibilities for personalised learning and more efficient knowledge acquisition. Consequently, curricula should be adjusted to strengthen core modules such as probability, statistics, linear algebra, and optimisation, while introducing numerical analysis earlier and streamlining less integrated modules. Assessment methods and teaching styles must also evolve to suit this technological context.

From an applied standpoint, Associate Professor Trần Minh Triết, Vice President of HCMUS, discussed the relationship between Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, tracing the path from logical foundations to global innovation. The Vice President also highlighted the outstanding achievements of HCMUS students and proposed the increased use of practical, relatable scenarios in teaching to enhance the application of Mathematics in solving real-world problems.

The consensus among participants was that for Mathematics to truly drive development, synchronised innovation is required across curricula, teaching methods, and collaboration between universities, enterprises, and research institutions. Connecting theory with application and aligning training with societal needs are seen as the vital elements for enhancing the quality of the workforce.

 

Participants exchanging ideas and contributing to the discussion session.

The conference is expected to yield specific, actionable proposals to propel the reform of Mathematics education in Viet Nam, whilst developing a high-quality mathematical workforce capable of meeting the demands of strategic technology sectors amidst the current digital transformation.

 

 

On 28 March 2026, at VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS), doctoral researcher Lê Quang TrÆ°á»�ng (class of 2022) successfully defended a doctoral thesis at the institutional level in Algebra and Number Theory. The research is entitled: “Certain matrix decompositions corresponding to given generating setsâ€�.

The thesis was conducted under the academic supervision of Professor Mai Hoàng Biên and Dr Phạm Thị Thu Thủy. The study focuses on investigating matrix decomposition problems within linear groups, particularly describing subgroups generated by specific classes of elements, such as idempotent matrices of index 2, quadratic matrices, matrices of finite order, and commutators.

The scope of the research involves examining the structure of groups such as general linear groups, upper triangular matrix groups, and several classes of extended linear groups. Furthermore, the researcher investigated the representability of elements as products of elements from corresponding generating sets. A significant direction of the thesis is the determination of conditions under which a matrix can be decomposed into prescribed forms, alongside an evaluation of the decomposition length in each specific case.

Regarding the results, the thesis established necessary and sufficient conditions for representing matrices as products of element classes, including idempotent matrices of index 2, quadratic matrices, matrices of finite order, and commutators within specific algebraic classes. Additionally, the research contributes to clarifying the structure of certain subgroups within linear groups and the relationship between decomposition forms and the algebraic properties of matrices.

The findings of the thesis contribute to the supplement and development of research directions concerning linear group structures as well as matrix decomposition problems in non-commutative algebra.

The Examination Committee evaluated the thesis as being of high quality, possessing significant scientific merit and professional value within the fields of Algebra and Number Theory. The work was meticulously executed with a systematic approach, yielding numerous original results that do not duplicate previously published studies or research directions. The Committee further acknowledged that the researcher possesses strong independent research capabilities, demonstrated through international scientific publications directly related to the thesis content, fully satisfying the requirements for a doctoral degree.

 

On 28 March 2026, at VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS), doctoral researcher Trần Nam SÆ¡n (class of 2022, specialising in Algebra and Number Theory) successfully defended a doctoral thesis at the institutional level. The research is entitled: “Images of polynomials on certain classes of algebrasâ€�.

The thesis was conducted under the academic supervision of Professor Mai Hoàng Biên. The study focuses on investigating the images of polynomials when evaluated on non-commutative algebras, with a particular emphasis on generalised non-commutative polynomials and the connection to the L’vov–Kaplansky Conjecture and the Mesyan Conjecture.

The scope of the research involves examining the behaviour of polynomials across various classes of algebras, such as division algebras, matrix algebras over division rings, quaternion algebras, and other specialised algebraic structures. On this basis, the thesis considers instances where the image of a polynomial may cover the entire algebra or form characteristic subspaces.

Furthermore, the research investigates the representation of elements as products of squares or multiplicative commutators. These findings contribute to establishing links with problems in linear group theory and Waring-type problems within a non-commutative context.

Regarding the results, the thesis established necessary and sufficient conditions concerning algebraic structures through the images of polynomials. The researcher successfully described the images of multilinear polynomials on quaternion algebras and clarified specific cases where the polynomial image coincides with the entire algebra. Additionally, the study proved extended results related to Kursov’s Theorem and analysed the relationship between multiplicative commutators and squares in several classes of algebras.

The Examination Committee evaluated the thesis as being of high quality, possessing significant scientific merit and professional value within the fields of Algebra and Number Theory. The researcher demonstrated a capacity for independent research, fully satisfying the requirements for a doctoral thesis. The findings are reliable, original, and do not duplicate previously published works, thereby contributing to the clarification of advanced problems within the field of study.

On 28 March, at the Lobby of Building I, VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS) hosted the Opening Ceremony for the “Exhibition of Outstanding Scientific and Technological Achievements Celebrating the 30th Anniversary of the Founding of HCMUSâ€�. This event represents a cornerstone of the programme commemorating 85 years of tradition and 30 years since the formal establishment of the University (30/03/1996 – 30/03/2026).

Delivering the opening remarks, Assoc. Prof. Trần Minh Triết, Vice President of HCMUS, emphasised: “The exhibition offers a moment to reflect upon the research milestones achieved over the past decades. Numerous scientific projects transcend theoretical study, demonstrating significant potential for implementation and direct service to society.� Assoc. Prof. Trần Minh Triết further expressed the ambition for the academic staff and researchers of HCMUS to continue fostering a spirit of innovation, accelerating the commercialisation of research outputs, and strengthening engagement with industry and the public to contribute more effectively to national development.

The centrepiece of the event is a showcase of pre-eminent scientific and technological achievements, featuring 69 research products and applications from 16 different departments and units. The exhibition space has been professionally curated to enable research groups to present findings, foster academic exchange, and expand partnerships with domestic and international enterprises. Such diversity in fields and depth of inquiry reflects the burgeoning scientific and technological capacity of HCMUS.

 

Through this initiative, VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ continues to present significant research results to the academic community and external partners, whilst creating further opportunities to bridge the gap between scholarly inquiry and practical demands. The exhibition remains open within the University campus for staff, students, and visitors throughout the anniversary celebrations.

On 24 March, at VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS), doctoral researcher Ä�á»— Văn Nhật TrÆ°á»�ng successfully defended a doctoral thesis at the institutional level in Organic Chemistry. The research is entitled: “Study on the chemical constituents, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and anti-inflammatory activity of Gnetum montanum Markgr.â€�, conducted under the academic supervision of Professor Nguyá»…n Thị Thanh Mai.

The work focuses on investigating the chemical composition and biological activity of the G. montanum species in Viet Nam, thereby adding scientific data to this medicinal material and providing a basis for applied research orientations in the field of healthcare.

From the screening process of 22 methanol (MeOH) extract samples from 18 medicinal plant species according to the ability to inhibit the xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme—an enzyme related to the formation of uric acid in gout—the project recorded 12 samples with good activity (IC₅₀ < 100 µg/mL). Among these, the extract sample from the G. montanum stem showed outstanding results with an IC₅₀ value of 76.7 µg/mL. On this basis, the researcher selected the stem of this species for further in-depth investigation.

One of the prominent results is the successful isolation and structural identification of 47 compounds from the EtOAc extract of the G. montanum stem. Notably, the research group published 11 new compounds discovered for the first time, including 7 compounds belonging to the stilbene group, 2 2-phenylbenzofuran compounds, 1 lignan compound, and 1 phenolic acid glycoside compound. Simultaneously, this is also the first time two groups of compounds, anthraquinone and cycloartane triterpene, have been recorded in this species.

In addition to clarifying the chemical composition, the work also evaluates the biological activity of the extracts and compounds isolated from G. montanum. The results show that the test samples exhibit remarkable XO enzyme inhibition and anti-inflammatory capacity, whilst showing no toxicity to RAW264.7 cells at the tested concentrations.

Specifically, the EtOAc extract showed the strongest XO inhibition with an IC₅₀ value of 25.3 µg/mL. At the molecular level, 10 compounds exhibited XO inhibitory activity and 19 compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of NO production) with IC₅₀ values < 100 µM. Among these, 6 newly isolated compounds showed good XO inhibitory effects; whereas in the anti-inflammatory test, stilbene framework compounds recorded outstanding results, typically isorhapontigenin with an IC₅₀ value of 5.9 µM, which is superior to the positive control quercetin (14.0 µM).

Another noteworthy point is the optimisation of the isolation process for two highly active compounds: resveratrol (5.0 g) and isorhapontigenin (50.0 g). On this basis, the researcher successfully established reference standards for these two compounds with purities reaching 99.14% and 96.38% respectively. This result contributes to the quantification of the main compounds, aiming at quality control for medicinal materials and products derived from G. montanum in the future.

The Examination Committee acknowledged the serious research effort, the large volume of work, and the scientific and practical value of the project. The achieved results not only supplement data on the phytochemistry and biological activity of G. montanum in Viet Nam, but also contribute to clarifying the potential of this species in the development of herbal products.

On 20 March 2026, at VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS), doctoral researcher VÅ© Tấn Phát successfully defended a doctoral thesis at the institutional level in Physical and Theoretical Chemistry. The research is entitled: “Study on the synthesis and electrochemical characterisation of silica-based materials for use as negative electrodes in Lithium-ion and Sodium-ion rechargeable batteriesâ€�, conducted under the academic supervision of Associate Professor Trần Văn Mẫn and Associate Professor Lê Mỹ Loan Phụng.

The thesis focuses on the development of SiO₂-based materials for negative electrodes in Li-ion and Na-ion rechargeable batteries, aiming to overcome limitations such as low electrical conductivity, significant volume expansion, and the poor stability of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer. On this basis, the researcher successfully synthesised C/SiO₂ material from rice husk biomass using chemical activation methods, creating a porous, low-cost, and environmentally friendly structure. Modifying the material with graphene and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) facilitated the formation of a continuous conductive network, significantly improving ion diffusion and electrochemical performance.

Research results indicate that the materials achieve high capacity, stable Coulombic efficiency exceeding 98%, and excellent rate capability. Simultaneously, the electrolyte system was optimised with LiPF₆ salt and FEC additives for high electrochemical stability, contributing to enhanced battery performance. These materials were subsequently utilised to assemble full-cells and pouch cells, demonstrating stable operation and good capacity retention over numerous charge-discharge cycles, thus proving the potential for practical application.

Furthermore, the thesis investigated a novel material, Mn₇O₈SiO₄, featuring a stable structure and superior ion storage capacity, opening avenues for the development of next-generation electrode material systems. These findings not only contribute to enhancing the efficiency of SiO_{2 Â} materials but also move towards the development of sustainable energy storage solutions by utilising biomass sources and promoting a circular economy.

The Examination Committee highly commended doctoral researcher Vũ Tấn Phát for the scientific value and practical applicability of the thesis, noting that the doctoral researcher exceeded all doctoral education requirements. During the research process, the doctoral researcher published 11 scientific works, including 9 international publications (7 as lead author), 1 domestic journal article, and 1 patent, confirming outstanding research capacity and academic contribution. The results achieved by the thesis provide a further scientific foundation for the development of silica-based electrode materials, whilst offering prospects for application in next-generation rechargeable battery systems, aligning with global trends in green and sustainable energy development.

On the afternoon of 20 March 2026, at VNUHCM–Â鶹´«Ã½ (HCMUS), researcher Ä�oàn Thiên Thanh (Biotechnology, class of 2017) successfully defended a doctoral thesis at the institutional level. The research is entitled: “Study on the activity and mechanism of action against Helicobacter pylori of extracts and compounds from hexane fractions of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. et Perry (synonym Syzygium nervosum) leaves and flower budsâ€�.

The thesis was conducted under the academic supervision of Senior Lecturer Dr Lương Thị Mỹ Ngân and Senior Lecturer Dr Trần Trung Hiếu. The study focuses on harnessing the medicinal potential of Cleistocalyx operculatus—a species familiar in daily life with significant value in traditional medicine, though the biological mechanisms of the species remain insufficiently researched.

The scope of the research involved the collection of total extracts and fractional extracts from the leaves and flower buds of C. operculatus, alongside the qualitative and quantitative analysis of natural compounds present within these extracts. On this basis, the thesis evaluated the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and the in vitro urease enzyme inhibition capacity. The hexane fraction from flower buds was selected for further isolation and identification of primary bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the study analysed the mechanisms by which the extracts and compounds affect biofilm formation, cellular integrity, and morphology, as well as the expression levels of bacterial virulence genes.

The research findings yielded 14 total extracts and 6 fractional extracts from the leaves and flower buds. These fractional extracts demonstrated higher concentrations of natural compounds—specifically phenols and flavonoids—compared to the total extracts. Hexane fractions exhibited marked inhibitory activity against H. pylori, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) ranging from 62.5 to 125 µg/mL, whilst effectively inhibiting the urease enzyme. From the hexane fraction of the flower buds, the study isolated and identified three representative compounds: DMC, kaempferol, and β-sitosterol, with DMC and kaempferol showing prominent anti-H. pylori activity.

These compounds not only inhibit bacterial growth but also influence several critical biological mechanisms. Such actions include the suppression of biofilm formation, increasing membrane permeability, and disrupting cell membrane structure. There was also a significant reduction in the expression of virulence genes, namely cagA, vacA, ureA, ureB, flaA, flaB, flgE, and dnaA. Toxicity assessments indicated a high level of safety on normal cells, suggesting significant potential for application within the biomedical field.

From the achieved results, the thesis provides further scientific evidence regarding the medicinal value of C. operculatus in the prevention and supportive treatment of gastric diseases related to Helicobacter pylori. This approach, utilising natural compounds, is regarded as a promising pathway to reduce reliance on antibiotics and contribute to mitigating the rise of drug resistance.

The Board commended the thesis for the systematic approach, clear data, and reliability. The findings hold scientific value and provide a significant reference for future research in medicinal plants and microbiology.